FCA - An Approach On LEACH Protocol Of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic

Most of the clustering algorithms utilize two techniques which are selecting cluster-heads with more residual energy and rotating cluster-heads periodically to balance energy consumption of the sensor nodes over the network . These clustering algorithms do not take the location of the base station into consideration. This lack of consideration causes the hot spots problem in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The cluster-heads near the base station die earlier, because they will be in a heavier relay traffic than the cluster-heads which are relatively far from the base station.. In order to solve this problem and to balance energy consumption of cluster-heads, a periodically rotating cluster-head mechanism is firstly proposed by [I. Gupta and Sampalli 2005] namely LEACH is a clustering algorithm that utilizes randomized rotation to balance energy consumption of cluster-heads over the network (LowEnergy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). LEACH. Randomized periodical rotation property of LEACH is used in many clustering algorithms. Although periodical rotation is a vital property for clustering algorithms, it is not sufficient by itself. Most of the clustering algorithms, use periodical rotation as a base property and build their approach on top of it. In this paper, a fuzzy clustering approach (FCA) is introduced to make a further improvement in maximizing the lifetime of the WSN. FCA is a distributed competitive algorithm. It selects the cluster-heads via energy-based competition among the tentative cluster-heads which are selected using a probabilistic model. FCA mostly focuses on wisely assigning competition ranges to the tentative cluster-heads. In order to make wise decisions, it utilizes the residual energy and the distance to the base station parameters of the sensor nodes. In addition to this, FCA uses fuzzy logic to handle uncertainties in competition range estimation. FCA is a clustering algorithm assigns competition ranges to the tentative cluster-heads considering only the distance to the base station parameter. However, FCA utilizes both the residual energy and the distance to the base station parameters of the tentative cluster-heads for estimating competition ranges. FCA assigns greater competition ranges to the tentative cluster-heads which have higher residual energy levels, because they can serve to a larger region.